Sunday, August 30, 2015

In Age of Science, Is Religion 'Harmful Superstition'?

Simon Worrall, writing in National Geographic, interviewed Jerry Coyne, author of Faith vs. Fact: Why Science and Religion Are Incompatible. These are a few highlights from the story (link to full interview provided below):


If you teach evolution, you’re teaching the one form of science that hits Abrahamic religions in the solar plexus. You can teach chemistry and physics and physiology and other forms of science-based inquiry, like archaeology and history, and religious people don’t have any problem with that. But, for evolution, they do.

About 42 to 43 percent of Americans are creationists. Another 30 percent are theistic evolutionists, who think that God impelled the evolutionary process. This is an uptick of about 50 percent over the last 20 years.

But there are a number of things about evolution and science that undermine religion. First of all, the fact that the Genesis story is wrong. There’s no evidence that there’s any qualitatively different feature about humans from other species, except maybe for language. But that’s something that could have evolved via culture. We’re not special products of God’s creation.
 ********
There are some fundamental truths about the universe that believers have to accept in order to be religious. Many Muslims see the Koran as literally true. To question any of that is to bring a death sentence on yourself. The reason why people are so concerned with harmonizing science and religion, as opposed to, say, science and architecture, or science and baseball, is because science and religion are competitors in the field of esoteric truths about the cosmos.

********

Ashley King was the daughter of two well-off Christian Scientists in Arizona. Not the toothless Bible thumpers you think of when you think of fundamentalists. Ashley developed a lump on her leg, which turned out to be bone cancer. Instead of taking her to a doctor, they took her out of school and tried to treat her with prayer. The lump eventually got to be as big as a watermelon. Child services finally took her away from her parents.

Ashley went to the hospital and the doctor said, “It’s too late. This tumor’s too big. But we can give her some time by amputating her leg.” Her parents refused and stopped her being given pain-killing medicine.

Instead, they put her in a Christian Science sanatorium, which, by the way, is subsidized by the U.S. government. Her medicine consisted of giving her water and prayer. She started shrieking and crying out. The thing was incredibly painful. But all they did was pray. Finally, she died.

Her parents were prosecuted and convicted, but they were only given unsupervised probation. In 43 out of 50 American states, faith healing that harms your children is not a civil or criminal problem. Thousands of kids have died through Christian Science and the Followers of Christ in Oregon and Idaho. There are graveyards filled with dead kids who were given faith healing.



Read the full story here:


In Age of Science, Is Religion 'Harmful Superstition'?

Saturday, August 29, 2015

Why We Have More Than 40 Million Functional Illiterates

Hundreds of websites still casually assert what is probably the most destructive sophistry in the history of education:

The Dolch Sight Words [created in the 1940s] are a list of the 220 most frequently used words in the English language. These sight words make up 50 to 70 percent of any general text….Dolch found that children who can identify a certain core group of words by sight could learn to read and comprehend better. Dolch's sight word lists are still widely used today and highly respected by both teachers and parents. These sight words were designed to be learned and mastered by the third grade.
Even at a glance, you may see several problems.  Just because they were “designed to be learned and mastered” by the third grade doesn’t mean they will be.  The majority of children cannot master these words by any grade, if by master you mean name them with automaticity at reading speed
“Respected by both teachers and parents” is a slippery construction that conspicuously omits mention of “reading experts who conduct research.” 

Furthermore, even if these words make up two thirds of a text, that means a child cannot read every third word.  Nothing resembling reading can take place.

Note that phonics instruction would allow the student to read every word by the second grade.  But the sight-word method promises that by third grade, the children will know a small subset of English words but still remain largely illiterate.  What sort of promise is that?

Even all that is not the full indictment.  Trying to memorize many graphic designs – and that’s what learning to read with sight-words entails – is virtually impossible.  The brain becomes cluttered with hundreds of partly memorized designs, all of which look quite similar.  There are children with photographic memories who can survive.  But let’s focus on the average student.  This child might not be able to memorize even 100 sight-words each year, or ever.  But the real flaw is that few children achieve automaticity.  Most are always wandering slowly in the forest, so to speak.  If parents understood how hopeless and painful this process is, they would never allow their children near sight-words.

Read the full article:
Articles: Why We Have More Than 40 Million Functional Illiterates

Thursday, August 27, 2015

The Myth of the Tiny Radical Muslim Minority

The Islamic belief system has a long history of violence, oppression, and bloody warfare attached to it. It’s not just “radical Islam,” it’s Islam in general. Those Muslims who aren’t in full Jihad mode are considered apostates, so what does that tell you?

Also, many of the “good” Muslims still support the acts of terror carried out by radical groups, so yeah, so much for that.

Here’s a video by Ben Shapiro where he destroys the myth of the “tiny radical Muslim minority.”


Wednesday, August 26, 2015

Hump Day Hunnies







Articles: Generations of Stolen Black Dreams

 by Lloyd Marcus

In response to my article, “Please Tell Black Lives Matter to Shut Up and Go Away,” a sincere black activist emailed asking me with what would I replace it? I asked him to explain. The bottom line of his lengthy passionate reply is “Negroes” are still not free in America. He says America has reneged on its promise of liberty and justice for all.

I am black. I asked my beautiful white wife of 39 years a rhetorical question. “Am I an Uncle Tom? Is there something wrong with me? Because for the life of me, I do not have a clue what he is talking about. What is America suppose to do for blacks that it has not done?”

Mary replied, “You're normal. They're wrong, stuck in a mindset.”

Black unemployment, particularly under Obama, is extremely high. While many blacks have achieved their American dream, many have not. That is not white America's fault. Behavioral issues are laying waste to the black community. Over 70% fatherless households and 70% school dropouts leads to gangs, drugs, blacks murdering blacks and incarceration; all resulting in poverty.

So what is Obama's solution to fixing these problems plaguing blacks? He lets drug dealers who prey on urban youths out of jail, claiming their crime is non-violent. He has his DOJ bully police across America to back off urban thugs. Obama minion Baltimore mayor said, “Let them loot. It's only property.” Violent crime is up big-time in Chicago, New York and Baltimore.

Despite claims otherwise, America has not failed its poor. We have welfare and entitlement programs out the ying-yang; a huge chunk of America's national debt. Also, there is nothing saintly about being poor. Don't beat me up for saying that. I have been poor.

Then there is the claim that America “systematically” and “institutionally” hinders opportunities for blacks. Hogwash! A black college professor friend heads a program offering blacks free college tuition. He has trouble finding applicants. This is a guy who worked his way through college and grad school. He was stunned when students thought having to pay their cell phone bill was a legitimate excuse for not purchasing the book and materials for his course.

Back in my late twenties, Christ delivered me from my wild and crazy drug-filled life. I wanted others to experience my joy. I spoke at youth detention centers and prisons. I remember weeping with a young guy who had attempted suicide. It was shocking seeing so many bright, talented and gifted young black men in prison. The two things they had in common were negative attitudes and victim mindsets. Thank you, Democratic Party.

I fought the urge to grab them by the collar, slap them and yell, “Snap out of it! You were blessed to be born in America, the greatest land of opportunity on the planet! Stop this nonsense and go for your dreams!”

For crying out loud, people around the world are risking everything crossing shark-infested waters in cardboard boats held together with duct tape, desperate to get to America.

Monday, August 24, 2015

Why College Tuition is Out of Sight: The Federal Government - John C. Goodman

Our health care system and our system of higher education have a lot more in common than you previous column at Forbes, in both systems a third-party payer pays a good portion of the bill, leaving consumers and producers with perverse incentives to take advantage of it. The financing of both systems is dysfunctional. There is much waste and inefficiency. And low-income families are the least well served.
might think. As I explained in a

Here is what I wrote two years ago:

We spend about twice as much as other developed countries as a fraction of national output. Yet our results are mediocre. Public and private spending is growing much faster than our income ? putting us on a course that is clearly unsustainable. It appears we are buying quantity instead of value. Outcomes vary wildly from state to state. And programs that target the poor seem to be backfiring instead.

I asked readers to guess whether I was writing about health care or higher education? I could have been writing about either.

Loyal readers already know that health care spending was proceeding moderately until the advent of Medicare and Medicaid. Amy Finkelstein showed that in the first ten years Medicare had no impact on the health of the elderly. And fifty years after the fact, we are still arguing about whether Medicaid affects the health of the poor. Yet this massive infusion of federal spending fueled health care inflation that has been barreling along ever since. The same thing appears to have happened in education. According to economist Richard Vedder, the explosion in college costs began about the same time as the cost explosion in health care with the Higher Education Act of 1965.

Vedder was the first economist to demonstrate that federal tuition loans were fueling spiraling tuition costs and his work was largely ignored. But a new study by economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York finds that Vedder was right all along. As summarized in the Wall Street Journal:

Read the rest:
Why College Tuition is Out of Sight: The Federal Government - John C. Goodman - Page 2

Sunday, August 23, 2015

Facts That Shatter the Theories About Who Really Wrote the Bible - part 2

Daniel Is ‘Prophecy-After-The-Fact’ ?

The Book of Daniel is often paired with the Book of Revelation as providing the road map of future end-time events. Many alleged prophecies in Daniel were fulfilled, but most scholars of the Book of Daniel conclude that so-called “prophecies” were only produced “after the fact” or ex eventu. This is a position reached by first examining the historical, theological and literary nature of the Book of Daniel.

Some scholars say Daniel might actually be a Jew from the Hellenistic period, not a person from the Babylonian court and the book itself betrays more than one author. Chapters 1–6 were written in Aramaic, while chapters 7–12 are in Hebrew. Daniel makes many historical errors when talking about the Babylonian period, the time in which he supposedly lived. For example, he claims that Belshazzar was the son of Nebuchadnezzar, but the Nabonidus Cylinder found in Ur names Nabonidus as Belshazzar’s actual father. Also, Belshazzar was a crown prince but never a king, contrary to Daniel’s claim.

In Daniel 5:30, Daniel writes that a certain Darius the Mede conquered Babylon. It was actually Cyrus the Great, a Persian and not a Mede, who overthrew Babylon.

On the other hand, Daniel writes about events of the Hellenistic era with extreme accuracy.
 
John Did Not Write Revelation?

The traditional view that Jesus’ disciple John wrote the Book of Revelation was questioned as early as the third century. Christian writer Dionysius of Alexandria, using the critical methods still employed by modern scholars, spotted the difference between the elegant Greek of John’s Gospel and the crudely ungrammatical prose of Revelation. The works could not have been written by the same person.

Ehrman, who charges in his book Forged that half the New Testament is forged, says that Jesus’ original disciples, John and Peter, could not have written the books attributed to them in the New Testament because they were illiterate.

“According to Acts 4:13, both Peter and his companion John, also a fisherman, were agrammatoi, a Greek word that literally means ‘unlettered,’ that is, ‘illiterate,’ ’’ he writes.

It’s likely that Revelation might have been originally written even before Christianity existed. References to Jesus Christ would then have been inserted only later to Christianize the document. Surprisingly, the verses containing references to Jesus can be removed without disturbing the structure and flow of the surrounding verses, keeping the meaning and sense of the text intact. This suggests that the original Book of Revelation had nothing at all to do with Jesus.
 
Bible Stories Borrowed From Ancient Mythology?

There are almost 3,000 years of high culture and folklore predating the book of Genesis. Two-thirds of recorded  history had already taken place before the Old Testament writers had ever stepped on the scene.
 
Judaic similarities with Egyptian other ancient religious mythology can be found as early as the book of Genesis,  Where the Ten Commandments resemble the Laws of Ma’at written in the Egyptian Book of the Dead:
Commandments: Egyptian Book of the Dead (circa 1800 B.C.) vs. Ten Commandments (1491 B.C.): Book of the Dead: “I have done away sin for thee and not acted fraudulently or deceitfully. I have not belittled God. I have not inflicted pain or caused another to weep. I have not murdered or given such an order. I have not used false balances or scales. I have not purloined (held back) the offerings to the gods. I have not stolen. I have not uttered lies or curses.”
Exodus 20:7-16: “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain. … Thou shalt not kill. Thou shalt not commit adultery … Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor…”
There is also ample evidence of similarities between Jesus and the Egyptian gods Horus and Osiris, and the Flood narrative in the Bible and the Mesopotamia story of Gilgamesh which can be read here.
 
Facts That Shatter the Theories About Who Really Wrote the Bible - part 2

Saturday, August 22, 2015

You Can’t Detox Your Body. It’s A Myth

Whether it’s cucumbers splashing into water or models sitting smugly next to a pile of vegetables, it’s
tough not to be sucked in by the detox industry. The idea that you can wash away your calorific sins is the perfect antidote to our fast-food lifestyles and alcohol-lubricated social lives. But before you dust off that juicer or take the first tentative steps towards a colonic irrigation clinic, there’s something you should know: detoxing – the idea that you can flush your system of impurities and leave your organs squeaky clean and raring to go – is a scam. It’s a pseudo-medical concept designed to sell you things.

“Let’s be clear,” says Edzard Ernst, emeritus professor of complementary medicine at Exeter University, “there are two types of detox: one is respectable and the other isn’t.” The respectable one, he says, is the medical treatment of people with life-threatening drug addictions. “The other is the word being hijacked by entrepreneurs, quacks and charlatans to sell a bogus treatment that allegedly detoxifies your body of toxins you’re supposed to have accumulated.”

If toxins did build up in a way your body couldn’t excrete, he says, you’d likely be dead or in need of serious medical intervention. “The healthy body has kidneys, a liver, skin, even lungs that are detoxifying as we speak,” he says. “There is no known way – certainly not through detox treatments – to make something that works perfectly well in a healthy body work better.”

Much of the sales patter revolves around “toxins”: poisonous substances that you ingest or inhale. But it’s not clear exactly what these toxins are. If they were named they could be measured before and after treatment to test effectiveness. Yet, much like floaters in your eye, try to focus on these toxins and they scamper from view. In 2009, a network of scientists assembled by the UK charity Sense about Science contacted the manufacturers of 15 products sold in pharmacies and supermarkets that claimed to detoxify. The products ranged from dietary supplements to smoothies and shampoos. When the scientists asked for evidence behind the claims, not one of the manufacturers could define what they meant by detoxification, let alone name the toxins.

Yet, inexplicably, the shelves of health food stores are still packed with products bearing the word “detox” – it’s the marketing equivalent of drawing go-faster stripes on your car. You can buy detoxifying tablets, tinctures, tea bags, face masks, bath salts, hair brushes, shampoos, body gels and even hair straighteners. Yoga, luxury retreats, and massages will also all erroneously promise to detoxify. You can go on a seven-day detox diet and you’ll probably lose weight, but that’s nothing to do with toxins, it’s because you would have starved yourself for a week.

Then there’s colonic irrigation. Its proponents will tell you that mischievous plaques of impacted poo can lurk in your colon for months or years and pump disease-causing toxins back into your system. Pay them a small fee, though, and they’ll insert a hose up your bottom and wash them all away. Unfortunately for them – and possibly fortunately for you – no doctor has ever seen one of these mythical plaques, and many warn against having the procedure done, saying that it can perforate your bowel.

Other tactics are more insidious. Some colon-cleansing tablets contain a polymerising agent that turns your faeces into something like a plastic, so that when a massive rubbery poo snake slithers into your toilet you can stare back at it and feel vindicated in your purchase. Detoxing foot pads turn brown overnight with what manufacturers claim is toxic sludge drawn from your body. This sludge is nothing of the sort – a substance in the pads turns brown when it mixes with water from your sweat.
“It’s a scandal,” fumes Ernst. “It’s criminal exploitation of the gullible man on the street and it sort of keys into something that we all would love to have – a simple remedy that frees us of our sins, so to speak. It’s nice to think that it could exist but unfortunately it doesn’t.”

 Read more here:
You can’t detox your body. It’s a myth. So how do you get healthy? | Life and style | The Guardian

Thursday, August 20, 2015

You Don't Have (Hillary's) Mail

Before the Kardashians, reality soap opera fans had the Clintons. If you are too young to have lived through or too old to remember clearly those years, Thomas Lifson has a neat synopsis of As the Clinton World Turns

This week’s episode, "Three Card Monty", continues as Hillary’s various stories about the official emails she improperly kept on a private server come undone. To refresh the story -- in order to protect national security, assure transparency in government, and to preserve an archive of official actions, she was supposed to use a secured Department of State server. Instead she kept a private, previously undisclosed server which held on it all her official and personal emails and those of her aides. A Freedom of Information Act case was filed and the woman her husband once called “the smartest woman in the world” and her spinners have been churning out excuses ever since.
This week we learned the following:

1. There was some highly classified secret information in her emails -- even in those very  few she turned over that had not been scrubbed or tampered with by her and her staff.
There is no doubt that she, or someone on her State Department staff, violated federal law by putting TOP SECRET//SI information on an unclassified system. That it was Hillary’s private, offsite server makes the case even worse from a security viewpoint. Claims that they “didn’t know” such information was highly classified do not hold water and are irrelevant. It strains belief that anybody with clearances didn’t recognize that NSA information, which is loaded with classification markings, was signals intelligence, or SIGINT. It’s possible that the classified information found in Clinton’s email trove wasn’t marked as such. But if that classification notice was omitted, it wasn’t the U.S. intelligence community that took such markings away. Moreover, anybody holding security clearances has already assumed the responsibility for handling it properly.
As Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton had no authority to disseminate IC information on her own, neither could she make it less highly classified (a process termed “downgrading” in the spy trade) without asking IC permission first.
It is a very big deal and less connected people who do this sort of thing ruin their lives, as any IC counterintelligence official can attest.
2. Hillary Clinton tampered with even those emails she turned over to the Department of Justice. 
The sections withheld didn’t relate to wedding dresses or yoga poses.
[snip]
Hillary Clinton withheld Benghazi-related emails from the State Department that detailed her knowledge of the scramble for oil contracts in Libya and the shortcomings of the NATO-led military intervention for which she advocated.
Clinton removed specific portions of other emails she sent to State, suggesting the messages were screened closely enough to determine which paragraphs were unfit to be seen by the public.
Clinton selectively edited other portions of emails she declined to provide to the State Department.
For example, in July 2012, Clinton removed paragraphs from a Blumenthal memo that warned “simply completing the election… and fulfilling a list of proper democratic milestones may not create a true democracy.” Blumenthal also wrote -- in sections that Clinton deleted before providing the document to State -- that the government would likely be “founded on Sharia,” or Islamic laws.
The group advocating to implement Sharia, Ansar al-Sharia, is a designated terrorist group that played a role in the Benghazi attacks.
But Clinton hid how much she knew about that development.
Read more:
Articles: You Don't Have (Hillary's) Mail

Monday, August 17, 2015

The Planned Parenthood Horror Story

Margaret Sanger Deutsch: Margaret Sanger (* 1879)
(Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Babies being born alive, only to be butchered for their parts. Harvesting tiny hearts, brains and livers. Fetal organs being transplanted into lab rats for research. Cracking skulls and dismemberment. Horror shows are usually like that: repulsive, disturbing, barbaric and sickening. Except that Planned Parenthood's horror show is not a movie, but a real nightmare that keeps getting worse.

No one is above the law. The trafficking and sale of aborted baby body parts for profit is illegal and unethical. In fact, it is a federal felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $500,000 (42 U.S.C. 289g-2). If this had been any other medical facility or hospital, there would be unquestioned support for immediate investigation.

Claims of innocence do not suffice. Hillary Clinton admitted the videos “are disturbing.” And went on to say, “this raises not questions about Planned Parenthood so much as it raises questions about the whole process, that is, not just involving Planned Parenthood, but many institutions in our country.” Clinton added that if there’s going to be a congressional inquiry into the videos, “it should look at everything,” and not just one organization.

Of date, there are 12 states investigating Planned Parenthood to determine whether any state or federal laws have been broken.
 
Read more:
Articles: The Planned Parenthood Horror Story

Sunday, August 16, 2015

Facts That Shatter the Theories About Who Really Wrote the Bible - part 1

Moses Did Not Write the Torah/Pentateuch

Jews and Christians widely believe that Moses wrote the first five books in the Bible. However, beginning with some medieval rabbis, doubts have been raised. Among the details that challenged the notion that Moses was the author are as follows:
  • The Edomite kings listed in Genesis 36 did not live until after Moses was dead.
  • Moses is referred to in the third person in several passages.
  • There are places named that Moses could not have known (he never entered the Promised Land).
  • The Hebrew of the text includes terms that were developed long after Moses’ death.
  • Moses’ death is included in Deuteronomy.
  • Camels are listed in Abraham’s retinue, but camels were domesticated around 1000, long after Abraham (1550 B.C.) and even Moses (1250 B.C.)..
  • In Deuteronomy 34, the writer says, “There never arose another prophet in Israel like Moses.” It didn’t seem to make sense that Moses — or even God, in Moses’ time — would write such words 
The Gospels Are Not Eyewitness Accounts?

The four canonical Gospels in the New Testament were originally anonymous. The names of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John were not attached to them until the second century.

As is the case with all the Gospels, it is unknown exactly when the Gospel of Mark was written. Most scholars believe that it was written by a second-generation Christian, around or shortly after the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Second Temple in year 70.

Numerous early sources say that Mark’s material was dictated to him by St. Peter, who later compiled it into his Gospel. The Gospel, however, appears to rely on several underlying sources, which vary in form and in theology, and which go against the story that the Gospel was based on Peter’s preaching.
Biblical scholars generally hold that Matthew was composed between the years c. 70 and 100 and the author was probably a Jewish Christian writing for other Jewish Christians.

As is the case of the Gospel of Luke, scholars have proposed  a range of dates from as early as 60 A.D. to as late as 90 A.D. and it was penned by the same author who wrote Acts of the Apostles.
A majority of scholars find it unlikely that John the Apostle wrote the Gospel of John because the Gospel is a deeply meditated representation of Jesus’ character and teachings rather than a plain account of Jesus’ ministry.

Matthew and Luke are a Plagiarized Version of Mark?

Although it is unknown exactly how the four canonical Gospels were composed, a popular theory among scholars is the two-source hypothesis. The hypothesis puts the Gospel of Mark being written first and then the authors of the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke using Mark and a hypothetical Q document, in addition to some other sources, to write their individual Gospels. The three Gospels are called the Synoptic Gospels since they are so very similar.

The Q document, also called the Q source, Q Gospel  or Q (from German: Quelle, meaning “source”) is a hypothetical written collection of sayings from Jesus (the Beatitudes and the Lord’s Prayer) that is believed, by some scholars, to be the source of the material found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke but not in the Gospel of Mark.

According to this hypothesis, verbal agreements between Matthew and Luke suggest the non-Markan material must have been taken from a written, not oral, source. Since Q does not contain any Passion story, this has led some researchers to conclude that whoever first wrote the document must have regarded Jesus as a teacher of wisdom and nothing more.

Apostle Paul Only Wrote Half of Those Letters?

According to renowned biblical scholar Bart D. Ehrman, Paul only wrote seven of 13 books attributed to him in the New Testament.

The remaining books are forgeries, Ehrman says. His proof: inconsistencies in the language, choice of words and blatant contradiction in doctrine.

For example, Ehrman says the book of Ephesians doesn’t conform to Paul’s distinctive Greek writing style. He says Paul wrote in short, pointed sentences while Ephesians is full of long Greek sentences (the opening sentence of thanksgiving in Ephesians unfurls a sentence that winds through 12 verses, he says).

The scholar also points to a famous passage in 1 Corinthians in which Paul is recorded as saying that women should be “silent” in churches and that “if they wish to learn anything, let them ask their own husbands at home.”

Only three chapters earlier, in the same book, Paul is urging women who pray and prophesy in church to cover their heads with veils, Ehrman says: “If they were allowed to speak in chapter 11, how could they be told not to speak in chapter 14? 

Facts That Shatter the Theories About Who Really Wrote the Bible - part 1

Thursday, August 13, 2015

Book Review - "The Mask" by Taylor Stevens



Taylor Stevens protagonist, Vanessa “Michael” Munroe, has been compared to the likes of Jason
Bourne and Jack Reacher, and this fifth installment in the series does not disappoint
.
The Mask finds Munroe in Japan with her lover Bradford hoping to enjoy some rest and relaxation while he is at work uncovering a corporate spy. However, the peace is short lived when she finds herself on the run while pursuing a dangerous criminal.

Soon Bradford is arrested for murder and Munroe discovers that he has been hiding a secret from her. Despite her feelings of betrayal, Munroe continues to try and find the real killer and the corporate spy that framed Bradford.

Using her analytical abilities and her knowledge of language, Munroe will stop at nothing to try and vindicate Bradford and determine if they can reclaim their relationship.

Like the other books in the series, The Mask is filled with plot twists and action that will keep the reader’s pulse pounding to the very end.